Praxis has conducted the analysis of the situation of gender equality in Smederevo within the project “Sexual and Gender Based Violence – Activities in Serbia”, which aimed to prevent and combat gender based violence in the territory of the Republic of Serbia, and was funded by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.
 
The goals of the analysis were presenting gender specific positions and roles the citizens of Smederevo play in the area of public and private life, determining the attitudes of male and female citizens of Smederevo towards gender roles, and the level of general knowledge they have about gender equality policies, both at the national and the local level; conducting a gender analysis of local policies in the City of Smederevo in the area of improvement of the position of refugees and internally displaced persons, Roma, youth, social protection, employment and improvement of the position of persons with disabilities; defining the recommendations for development of the active policy of equal opportunities for men and women in all areas of social life and achievement of gender equality in all areas of public and private life at the level of the City of Smederevo.

The analysis was preceded by the research on the attitudes the citizens of Smederevo have towards gender equality, which was conducted by “SeCons” in the period from 1 March – 15 April 2015. The research included 381 persons - 248 members of domicile population and 133 IDPs. A total of 188 women and 193 men participated in the research.

The results of the research conducted indicate significant gender inequalities manifested in a range of aspects, especially in terms of social position and roles played by male and female citizens in everyday life, both in the public (in the area of education, labour market, political participation, access to institutions and social media) and private life (partner and family relationship). The research also indicated that participation in different areas of social life is often determined by selection and participation mechanisms which are grounded on different forms of discrimination based on gender and IDP status. Only 6% of domicile male and female respondents were exposed to some form of discrimination. On the other hand, 22% IDP male and female respondents faced some form of discrimination in the area of public life. Discrimination most often occurs in an access to institutions, education system and in the workplace. Most of the male and female respondents from the subsample of IDPs (62%) believe that women are victims of discrimination more often than men in the area of work and employment. Also, 61% of male and female respondents of this subsample believe that women’s job is threatened because of family duties, more often than in case of men. Particularly worrying is the fact that male and female respondents most often decide not to report the cases of discrimination or to address persons of trust for assistance who are usually members of family and friends. Only a few did decide to report discrimination to the competent state authority, while a small number of male and female respondents decided to report discrimination in the workplace to the representative union.

The analysis also provides the recommendations which, in addition to the monitoring of the current legal regulations in the area of gender equality, refer also to promotion of positive and non-stereotypical image of women and men in the media, development of programs of support to self-employment of women and educational programmes on the protection of general health of women, with an emphasis of the reproductive health, improvement of the protection of women survivors of domestic violence, promotion of the role of men and boys in achieving gender equality, as well as the affirmation of the use of gender sensitive language in legal and political act of competent institutions.    

Download: Analysis of the Situation of Gender Equality in Smederevo

In January 2016, the provisions of the Rules on amendments to the Rules for procedure of registration and de-registration of permanent and temporary residence, registration of temporary stay abroad and return from abroad, passivization of permanent and temporary residence, forms and manner of keeping records (Rules) came into force, as well as the provisions of the Law on Amendments to the Law on Republic Administrative Fees, which simplified the procedure for registration of permanent residence for newborns.

According to the adopted amendments to the Rules, determination of the personal identification number for a newborn, whose both parents are the citizens of the Republic of Serbia and have their permanent residence registered at the same address, is considered to be the registration of the permanent residence for a newborn at the address of his/her parents. The registration of permanent residence for a newborn, whose parents have different addresses of permanent residence, may be performed by parents in the health institution by filling in the form for registration of permanent residence. Once a newborn is registered in the birth registry book, the filled form is electronically sent to the organizational unit of the Ministry of Interior competent in the place of registration, which, if the conditions prescribed by the law are fulfilled, performs the registration of the permanent residence for a newborn, while the filled form is sent to that organizational part for the input and keeping in e-records. At the same time, the amendments to the Law on Republic Administrative Fees envisage the exemption from payment of fees for the registration of a newborn and for certificate on registration of permanent residence for a newborn.

The envisaged amendments simplify and shorten the procedure for registration of permanent residence for newborns, facilitate the procedure to parents and most importantly they ensure that a larger number of children in the short term have the permanent residence registered, which is a prerequisite for the exercise of other guaranteed rights.

In January 2016, the provisions of the Rules on amendments to the Rules for procedure of registration and de-registration of permanent and temporary residence, registration of temporary stay abroad and return from abroad, passivization of permanent and temporary residence, forms and manner of keeping records (Rules) came into force, as well as the provisions of the Law on Amendments to the Law on Republic Administrative Fees, which simplified the procedure for registration of permanent residence for newborns.

According to the adopted amendments to the Rules, determination of the personal identification number for a newborn, whose both parents are the citizens of the Republic of Serbia and have their permanent residence registered at the same address, is considered to be the registration of the permanent residence for a newborn at the address of his/her parents. The registration of permanent residence for a newborn, whose parents have different addresses of permanent residence, may be performed by parents in the health institution by filling in the form for registration of permanent residence. Once a newborn is registered in the birth registry book, the filled form is electronically sent to the organizational unit of the Ministry of Interior competent in the place of registration, which, if the conditions prescribed by the law are fulfilled, performs the registration of the permanent residence for a newborn, while the filled form is sent to that organizational part for the input and keeping in e-records. At the same time, the amendments to the Law on Republic Administrative Fees envisage the exemption from payment of fees for the registration of a newborn and for certificate on registration of permanent residence for a newborn.

The envisaged amendments simplify and shorten the procedure for registration of permanent residence for newborns, facilitate the procedure to parents and most importantly they ensure that a larger number of children in the short term have the permanent residence registered, which is a prerequisite for the exercise of other guaranteed rights.

Statement published in the following media: Dijalog.net

Within the project “Legal Assistance to Persons at Risk of Statelessness in Serbia”, funded by UNHCR, throughout 2016 Praxis will, among others, conduct activities directed at prevention and elimination of child, early and forced marriages (CEFM). The main activities will focus on raising awareness of Roma children and parents of potential risks and consequences of CEFM, as well as on advocacy aimed at prevention and elimination of CEFM at the local and national level.

The CEFM in Serbia represent a problem that almost exclusively affects Roma communities, and so far it has been insufficiently and inadequately addressed by competent institutions, often under the pretext that CEFM are part of Roma tradition. In addition to being one of the causes leading to statelessness, the CEFM are also a reflection of patriarchal values and traditional attitudes towards a woman’s role in society and the family, which endanger the mental and physical health of girls, expose them to a greater risk of domestic violence, lead to increased rates of drop-out of school, and later to poverty and their economic dependence on the community. As such, the CEFM represent severe violations of human rights, contrary to the Convention of the Rights of the Child and the Convention of the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. According to UNICEF’s 2014 MICS, the percentage of girls who entered into marriage before their 15th birthday is 16.9% compared to 0.8% of non-Roma girls, or 57% of Roma girls compared to 6.8% non-Roma girls who entered into marriage before their 18th birthday. However, since the CEFM within the Roma community are predominantly common-law marriages, the real percentage is much higher. In addition, the statistics show that 4% of women have given birth before the age of 15, and even 38% of women aged 20-24 have given birth before the age of 18.

Within this project, which is the continuation of the joint activities of Praxis and UNHCR on CEFM dating back to 2015, four two-day workshops will be held with Roma children and parents in Leskovac and Kostolac, aimed at raising awareness of harmful effects of the CEFM with special attention on sexual and reproductive health, gender perspective, the importance of timely education, and the right to free choice of a spouse. The workshops will be followed by community meetings which will gather all relevant stakeholders at the local level. Along with raising awareness of the local communities about the importance of solving the CEFM issue, a working group will be established and will gather the representatives of Roma community along with experts on child rights and gender equality. Relying on knowledge and information gained at workshops and conclusions of the community meetings, and with analysis of regulations and cases from practice, the working group will prepare a policy brief which will provide recommendations for solving the CEFM issue.

In order to achieve greater visibility of the CEFM issue, the professional and wider public will be regularly informed about Praxis activities aimed at prevention and elimination of the CEFM.

Within the project “Legal Assistance to Persons at Risk of Statelessness in Serbia”, funded by UNHCR, throughout 2016 Praxis will, among others, conduct activities directed at prevention and elimination of child, early and forced marriages (CEFM). The main activities will focus on raising awareness of Roma children and parents of potential risks and consequences of CEFM, as well as on advocacy aimed at prevention and elimination of CEFM at the local and national level.

The CEFM in Serbia represent a problem that almost exclusively affects Roma communities, and so far it has been insufficiently and inadequately addressed by competent institutions, often under the pretext that CEFM are part of Roma tradition. In addition to being one of the causes leading to statelessness, the CEFM are also a reflection of patriarchal values and traditional attitudes towards a woman’s role in society and the family, which endanger the mental and physical health of girls, expose them to a greater risk of domestic violence, lead to increased rates of drop-out of school, and later to poverty and their economic dependence on the community. As such, the CEFM represent severe violations of human rights, contrary to the Convention of the Rights of the Child and the Convention of the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. According to UNICEF’s 2014 MICS, the percentage of girls who entered into marriage before their 15th birthday is 16.9% compared to 0.8% of non-Roma girls, or 57% of Roma girls compared to 6.8% non-Roma girls who entered into marriage before their 18th birthday. However, since the CEFM within the Roma community are predominantly common-law marriages, the real percentage is much higher. In addition, the statistics show that 4% of women have given birth before the age of 15, and even 38% of women aged 20-24 have given birth before the age of 18.

Within this project, which is the continuation of the joint activities of Praxis and UNHCR on CEFM dating back to 2015, four two-day workshops will be held with Roma children and parents in Leskovac and Kostolac, aimed at raising awareness of harmful effects of the CEFM with special attention on sexual and reproductive health, gender perspective, the importance of timely education, and the right to free choice of a spouse. The workshops will be followed by community meetings which will gather all relevant stakeholders at the local level. Along with raising awareness of the local communities about the importance of solving the CEFM issue, a working group will be established and will gather the representatives of Roma community along with experts on child rights and gender equality. Relying on knowledge and information gained at workshops and conclusions of the community meetings, and with analysis of regulations and cases from practice, the working group will prepare a policy brief which will provide recommendations for solving the CEFM issue.

In order to achieve greater visibility of the CEFM issue, the professional and wider public will be regularly informed about Praxis activities aimed at prevention and elimination of the CEFM.

On 5 January 2016, Praxis was visited by 33 students of the University of Hong Kong, members of the World University Service, The University of Hong Kong Branch - WUSHKUB. WUSHKUB scope of activity is focused on promotion of cultural exchange, human rights, current political issues and equal opportunities for all.

The representatives of Praxis presented the situation of human rights in Serbia and problems faced by the most vulnerable groups. The students were especially interested in international relations, gender equality, the situation of Roma and relations between Serbia and Kosovo.

The students presented us the situation of human rights of ethnic minorities and the situation in regard to gender equality in Hong Kong. Specifically, 95% of the population of Hong Kong is Chinese, and 5% ethnic minorities (Indians, Pakistanis, Indonesians, Japanese and Thais). The largest social distance is towards the Indians and Indonesians because of the color of their skin. Also, there are approximately 10,000 refugees from Syria and other Middle Eastern countries whose main problems are inadequate living conditions, lack of food, denial of rights to social protection and employment.

There has been a significant change in the perception of the position of a woman in society in Hong Kong – whereas previously women were generally identified as mothers and carriers of a child, husband and household care role (largely contributed to by the Confucian philosophical tradition in which it is the duty of a woman to be inferior to a man), today the image of an emancipated woman - independent, educated and employed, is prevailing. However, women in Hong Kong are still under-represented in managerial and official's positions, as well as in the bodies of executive power, which is why women are excluded from decision-making processes.

Even though these two countries are on two different continents and at different level of economic development and have different cultural and historical heritage, in an interview with students we came to the conclusion that the problems we face are similar and that it is necessary to further improve the position of women, national minorities, refugees and other marginalized groups, in order to build an equal and tolerant society.

Download: HERE

Download: HERE

Acting upon Praxis’ complaint, the Commissioner for Protection of Equality established that the President of the Municipality of Kanjiza expressed a series of discriminatory views at the press conference held on 12 August 2015, which insulted the dignity of refugees and migrants. A day later, the statement was published on the website of the Municipality of Kanjiza under the name Standpoint of the Local Self-Government towards Migrants.

President of the Municipality of Kanjiza stated, among others, that “these foreigners do not possess the basic elements of common intelligence and culture…”, appealing to citizens to be ready when they are called to express their dissatisfaction. Praxis filed a complaint to the Commissioner for Protection of Equality, stating that this statement causes humiliating and insulting environment for refugees and contributes to spreading of prejudice, bigotry and intolerance. Praxis also noted that this statement has special significance since it is given by the public authority.

The Commissioner for Protection of Equality recommended to the President of the Municipality of Kanjiza to issue a public apology, not to give or publish statements which insult dignity and support prejudices against refugees and to contribute by his acting to reduction of xenophobia, racism and discrimination and increase of tolerance towards refugees. Acting upon the recommendation of the Commissioner, the President of the Municipality of Kanjiza published the apology on the website of the Municipality of Kanjiza, which reflects the efficiency of this anti-discrimination protection mechanism.

The Commissioner’s opinion is important because it reminds the public authorities that they need to be aware of the responsibility for publicly spoken word, as well as of the obligation not to incite bigotry and intolerance in society. 

Kristina Vujic, Praxis legal analyst, presented the "Research on Access to Socio-economic Rights for Roma Women in Serbia", which has been prepared as part of the project entitled Legal Aid and Advocacy – Access to Rights  and  Combating  Discrimination  against  the  Roma, supported by Civil  Rights  Defenders and    Swedish  International Development  Cooperation  Agency.

Watch the video at TV Kopernikus.